Due to rejected entries and withdrawals, 103 teams eventually participated in the qualifying stages. Thus, the remaining 22 finals places were divided among the continental confederations, with 114 initially entering the qualification competition. Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup qualificationġ16 teams entered the 1990 World Cup, including Italy as host nation and Argentina as reigning World Cup champions, who were both granted automatic qualification. The Soviet boycott of the 1984 Olympic Games, announced on the eve of the World Cup decision, was speculated to have been a major factor behind Italy winning the vote so decisively, although this was denied by the FIFA President João Havelange. In early 1984, England and Greece also withdrew, leading to a two-horse race in the final vote. All four bids were assessed by FIFA in late 1983, with the final decision over-running into 1984 due to the volume of paperwork involved. A month later, only England, Greece, Italy and the Soviet Union remained in the hunt after the other contenders all withdrew. Italy had previously held the event in 1934, where they had won their first championship.Īustria, England, France, Greece, West Germany and Yugoslavia also submitted initial applications for 31 July 1983 deadline. This awarding made Italy only the second nation to host two World Cup tournaments, after Mexico had also achieved this with their 1986 staging. Here, the FIFA Executive Committee chose Italy ahead of the only rival bid, the USSR, by 11 votes to 5. The vote to choose the hosts of the 1990 tournament was held on in Zürich, Switzerland. At the time it was the most watched World Cup in history in non-unique viewers, but was bettered by the 19 World Cups. The huge success of the broadcasting model has also had a lasting impact on the sport. This was the first World Cup to be officially recorded and transmitted in HDTV by the Italian broadcaster RAI in association with Japan's NHK. The 1990 World Cup stands as one of the most watched events in television history, garnering an estimated 26.69 billion non-unique viewers over the course of the tournament. The tournament also produced some of the World Cup's best remembered moments and stories, including the emergence of African nations, in addition to what has become the World Cup soundtrack: " Nessun dorma". Overly defensive tactics led to the introduction of the back-pass rule in 1992 and three points for a win instead of two, both of which have encouraged attacking play, increasing spectator interest in the sport. It saw the introduction of the pre-match Fair Play Flag (then inscribed with "Fair Play Please") to encourage fair play.
In England, the team's success in this tournament led to the resurgence of the domestic top-flight, which had suffered from violence on the pitch and hooliganism by spectators throughout the 1980s. The tournament also had a significant lasting influence on the game as a whole. It generated an average 2.2 goals per game – a record low that still stands – and a then-record 16 red cards, including the first ever dismissal in a final. The 1990 World Cup is widely regarded as one of the poorest World Cups in terms of the games. The official match ball was the Adidas Etrusco Unico. As of 2022, this was the last time the United Arab Emirates qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals. Costa Rica, Ireland and the United Arab Emirates made their first appearances in the finals. This was the last tournament to feature a team from West Germany, with the country being reunified with East Germany a few months later in October, as well as teams from the Eastern Bloc prior to the end of the Cold War in 1991, as the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia teams made last appearances. Italy finished third and England fourth, after both lost their semi-finals in penalty shootouts. They beat Argentina 1–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, a rematch of the previous final four years earlier. The tournament was won by West Germany, for the third time.
22 teams qualified from this process, along with host nation Italy and defending champions Argentina. Teams representing 116 national football associations entered and qualification began in April 1988. It was held from 8 June to 8 July 1990 in Italy, the second country to host the event for a second time (the first being Mexico in 1986). The 1990 FIFA World Cup was the 14th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams.
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